A crucial aspect of dementia care is understanding and managing ▶ cognitive fluctuations, which are changes in a person's cognitive abilities and levels of awareness.

Dementia is a progressive neurological condition that encompasses various forms such as Alzheimer's, vascular dementia, Lewy Body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia.

The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare estimates that there were ▶ 219,000 Australians with dementia in 2020. This number is on the rise.

Cognitive fluctuations can be influenced by factors like:
1️⃣ environment,
2️⃣ fatigue,
3️⃣ medications, and
4️⃣ time of day.

For example, ▶ sundowning is a common phenomenon where individuals experience increased agitation or confusion during late afternoon or evening hours.

The neurobiology underlying cognitive fluctuations is not yet fully understood, but it is known that dementia results from damage to brain cells and their connections. In Alzheimer's disease, this deterioration begins in the memory centers of the brain and gradually spreads to regions governing attention and awareness.

Disruptions in the brain's "default mode network" can also lead to changes in cognition and self-awareness.

Behavioural interventions, such as music therapy, can temporarily improve mood and memory for those living with dementia.

When interacting with a loved one experiencing cognitive fluctuations, it's important to:
➡ communicate effectively using short sentences,
➡ maintain eye contact,
➡ minimise distractions, and
➡ listen calmly to their concerns.

Although some drugs show promise in slowing memory decline, further research is needed to better understand and treat dementia.

If you are facing guardianship issues related to dementia, I am a specialist guardianship lawyer and can help.